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Roberto Villani1,2 and Marco Miconi 2
1 CL Scienze Motorie, Università di Cassino; 2 Istituto
Universitario di Scienze Motorie Roma
It is a quiet long time that the physical preparation is having a
very important role in the soccer play and in this, the strength has
an absolute importance. In fact in the “modern” play the number of
sprints (10-15 metres) performed by the players during a match grew
up on the average at about 195 (Cometti,1995) and the actions in a
match are now defined as “explosive”.
The sudden direction changes emphasize the so called pliometric
contraction system (double cycle eccentric-concentric) that, not
randomly, in the last years causes the interest of many researchers.
The most important training method for the growth of this quality is
certainly the shock method devised and developed by Prof.
Verchoshanskij, that favours the increase of the maximal strength,
of the explosive strength, and of the initial strength, and favours
also the increase of the reactive capacity of the athlete’s
neuromuscular apparatus. This forced intensification of the working
style of the organism represents a so strong training stimulus that
in the modern literature it is mainly recommended to athletes of
high qualification.
The goal of our study is to demonstrate that the shock method can be
executed also by lower qualification athletes, provided that it
stiffly respects the application protocol based on the principle of
progressiveness and modulation of the load of training.
The subjects considered for the experimentation are 14 soccer
amateur players (1st regional italian category) aged from 22 to 33
years. The subjects have been requested to perform initially a set
of tests on a piezoelectric cells rug to evaluate the
explosive-elastic and reactive strength of the lower limbs (CMJ, and
stiffness). By the stratification of the entry tests, two
homogeneous working groups have been defined: the first group
carried on a drop jump work for 4 weeks with modulated loads (step
height between 40-60cm;work volume between 3x6 and 2x3x10 drop jump).
The second group carried on a program of exercises to increase the
explosive-elastic strength (1\4 of SJ) for the same period. At the
end of the program the two groups have been retested, and the
results have been statistically analysed.
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TEST-RETEST experimental group |
TEST-RETEST controllo group |
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|
CMJ (cm) |
Stiffness (W) |
CMJ (cm) |
Stiffness (W) |
|
mean test |
37,34 |
43,41 |
38,01 |
41,63 |
|
mean retest |
41,91 |
53,07 |
38,90 |
47,76 |
|
Diff. |
4,57 |
9,66 |
0,89 |
6,13 |
|
Diff.% |
0,12 |
0,22 |
0,02 |
0,15 |
We can appreciate in the tables the average % increase reached by
the two groups. The significance of those increases have been
calculated with One-Factor Anova. In the experimental group
significant increases have been pointed out both in the CMJ test
(p<0.05) and in the stiffness test (p<0.02), while there haven’t
been significant increases in the control group after the training.
The difference between the trainings has been verified with
Two-Factor Anova with replication and don’t resulted significant in
the CMJ (p=0.079) but highly significant in the Stiffness (p<0.01).
The results of our study confirm that the dropjump, if correctly
modulated, can be an excellent method to increase the
reactive-elastic strength also in the lower qualification athletes.
REFERENCES
Bosco C.(1992): La valutazione della forza con il test di Bosco.
S.S.S. ,103-118;
Bosco C.(1997): La forza muscolare. S.S.S., 227-236;
Cometti G.(1988): La Pliométrie. UFR STAPS, Dijon
Verkhoshansky Y.(1997): Mezzi e metodi per l’allenamento della forza
esplosiva, tutto sul metodo d’urto; S.S.S
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